Li Lou II · 孟子 4B.30

Passage 30

公gōng都dōu子zǐ曰yuē：「匡kuāng章zhāng，通tōng國guó皆jiē稱chēng不bú孝xiào焉yān。夫fū子zǐ與yǔ之zhī游yóu，又yòu從cóng而ér禮lǐ貌mào之zhī，敢gǎn問wèn何hé也yě？」孟mèng子zǐ曰yuē：「世shì俗sú所suǒ謂wèi不bú孝xiào者zhě五wǔ：惰duò其qí四sì支zhī，不bú顧gù父fù母mǔ之zhī養yǎng，一yí不bú孝xiào也yě；博bó弈yì、好hǎo飲yǐn酒jiǔ，不bú顧gù父fù母mǔ之zhī養yǎng，二èr不bú孝xiào也yě；好hǎo貨huò財cái、私sī妻qī子zǐ，不bú顧gù父fù母mǔ之zhī養yǎng，三sān不bú孝xiào也yě；從cóng耳ěr目mù之zhī欲yù，以yǐ為wéi父fù母mǔ戮lù，四sì不bú孝xiào也yě；好hǎo勇yǒng鬭dòu狠hěn，以yǐ危wēi父fù母mǔ，五wǔ不bú孝xiào也yě。章zhāng子zǐ有yǒu一yì於wū是shì乎hū？夫fū章zhāng子zǐ，子zǐ父fù責zé善shàn而ér不bù相xiāng遇yù也yě。責zé善shàn，朋péng友yǒu之zhī道dào也yě。父fù子zǐ責zé善shàn，賊zéi恩ēn之zhī大dà者zhě。夫fū章zhāng子zǐ豈qǐ不bú欲yù有yǒu夫fū妻qī子zǐ母mǔ之zhī屬shǔ哉zāi？為wéi得dé罪zuì於wū父fù，不bù得dé近jìn；出chū妻qī屏píng子zǐ，終zhōng身shēn不bù養yǎng焉yān。其qí設shè心xīn以yǐ為wéi不bú若ruò是shì，是shì則zé罪zuì之zhī大dà者zhě。是shì則zé章zhāng子zǐ已yǐ矣yǐ。」

The disciple Gong Du said, 'Throughout the whole kingdom everybody pronounces Kuang Zhang unfilial. But you, Master, keep company with him, and moreover treat him with politeness. I venture to ask why you do so.' Mencius replied, 'There are five things which are pronounced in the common usage of the age to be unfilial. The first is laziness in the use of one's four limbs, without attending to the nourishment of his parents. The second is gambling and chess-playing and being fond of wine, without attending to the nourishment of his parents. The third is being fond of goods and money, and selfishly attached to his wife and children, without attending to the nourishment of his parents. The fourth is following the desires of one's ears and eyes, so as to bring his parents to disgrace. The fifth is being fond of bravery, fighting and quarrelling so as to endanger his parents. Is Zhang guilty of any one of these things? Now between Zhang and his father there arose disagreement, he, the son, reproving his father, to urge him to what was good. To urge one another to what is good by reproofs is the way of friends. But such urging between father and son is the greatest injury to the kindness, which should prevail between them. Moreover, did not Zhang wish to have in his family the relationships of husband and wife, child and mother? But because he had offended his father, and was not permitted to approach him, he sent away his wife, and drove forth his son, and all his life receives no cherishing attention from them. He settled it in his mind that if he did not act in this way, his would be one of the greatest of crimes. Such and nothing more is the case of Zhang.'