Wan Zhang II · 孟子 5B.2

Passage 02

北běi京jīng锜qí問wèn曰yuē：「周zhōu室shì班bān爵jué祿lù也yě，如rú之zhī何hé？」孟mèng子zǐ曰yuē：「其qí詳xiáng不bù可kě得dé聞wén也yě，諸zhū侯hóu惡è其qí害hài己jǐ也yě，而ér皆jiē去qù其qí籍jí。然rán而ér軻kē也yě嘗cháng聞wén其qí略lüè也yě。天tiān子zǐ一yí位wèi，公gōng一yí位wèi，侯hóu一yí位wèi，伯bó一yí位wèi，子zǐ、男nán同tóng一yí位wèi，凡fán五wǔ等děng也yě。君jūn一yí位wèi，卿qīng一yí位wèi，大dài夫fu一yí位wèi，上shàng士shì一yí位wèi，中zhōng士shì一yí位wèi，下xià士shì一yí位wèi，凡fán六liù等děng。天tiān子zǐ之zhī制zhì，地dì方fāng千qiān里lǐ，公gōng侯hóu皆jiē方fāng百bǎi里lǐ，伯bó七qī十shí里lǐ，子zǐ、男nán五wǔ十shí里lǐ，凡fán四sì等děng。不bù能néng五wǔ十shí里lǐ，不bù達dá於wū天tiān子zǐ，附fù於wū諸zhū侯hóu，曰yuē附fù庸yōng。天tiān子zǐ之zhī卿qīng受shòu地dì視shì侯hóu，大dài夫fu受shòu地dì視shì伯bó，元yuán士shì受shòu地dì視shì子zǐ、男nán。大dà國guó地dì方fāng百bǎi里lǐ，君jūn十shí卿qīng祿lù，卿qīng祿lù四sì大dài夫fu，大dài夫fu倍bèi上shàng士shì，上shàng士shì倍bèi中zhōng士shì，中zhōng士shì倍bèi下xià士shì，下xià士shì與yǔ庶shù人rén在zài官guān者zhě同tóng祿lù，祿lù足zú以yǐ代dài其qí耕gēng也yě。次cì國guó地dì方fāng七qī十shí里lǐ，君jūn十shí卿qīng祿lù，卿qīng祿lù三sān大dài夫fu，大dài夫fu倍bèi上shàng士shì，上shàng士shì倍bèi中zhōng士shì，中zhōng士shì倍bèi下xià士shì，下xià士shì與yǔ庶shù人rén在zài官guān者zhě同tóng祿lù，祿lù足zú以yǐ代dài其qí耕gēng也yě。小xiǎo國guó地dì方fāng五wǔ十shí里lǐ，君jūn十shí卿qīng祿lù，卿qīng祿lù二èr大dài夫fu，大dà夫fū倍bèi上shàng士shì，上shàng士shì倍bèi中zhōng士shì，中zhōng士shì倍bèi下xià士shì，下xià士shì與yǔ庶shù人rén在zài官guān者zhě同tóng祿lù，祿lù足zú以yǐ代dài其qí耕gēng也yě。耕gēng者zhě之zhī所suǒ獲huò，一yì夫fū百bǎi畝mǔ；百bǎi畝mǔ之zhī糞fèn，上shàng農nóng夫fū食shí九jiǔ人rén，上shàng次cì食shí八bā人rén，中zhōng食shí七qī人rén，中zhōng次cì食shí六liù人rén，下xià食shí五wǔ人rén。庶shù人rén在zài官guān者zhě，其qí祿lù以yǐ是shì為wéi差chà。

Bei Gong Qi asked Mencius, saying, 'What was the arrangement of dignities and emoluments determined by the House of Zhou?' Mencius replied, 'The particulars of that arrangement cannot be learned, for the princes, disliking them as injurious to themselves, have all made away with the records of them. Still I have learned the general outline of them. The Son of Heaven constituted one dignity; the Gong one; the Hou one; the Bai one; and the Zi and the Nan each one of equal rank - altogether making five degrees of rank. The Ruler again constituted one dignity; the Chief Minister one; the Great Officers one; the Scholars of the First Class one; those of the Middle Class one; and those of the Lowest Class one - altogether making six degrees of dignity. 'To the Son of Heaven there was allotted a territory of a thousand li square. A Gong and a Hou had each a hundred li square. A Bai had seventy li, and a Zi and a Nan had each fifty li. The assignments altogether were of four amounts. Where the territory did not amount to fifty li, the chief could not have access himself to the Son of Heaven. His land was attached to some Hou-ship, and was called a Fu Yong. The Chief ministers of the Son of Heaven received an amount of territory equal to that of a Hou; a Great officer received as much as a Bai; and a scholar of the first class as much as a Zi or a Nan. 'In a great State, where the territory was a hundred li square, the ruler had ten times as much income as his Chief ministers; a Chief minister four times as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the first class; a scholar of the first class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of the middle class twice as much as one of the lowest; the scholars of the lowest class, and such of the common people as were employed about the government offices, had for their emolument as much as was equal to what they would have made by tilling the fields. In a State of the next order, where the territory was seventy li square, the ruler had ten times as much revenue as his Chief minister; a Chief minister three times as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the first class; a scholar of the first class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of the middle class twice as much as one of the lowest; the scholars of the lowest class, and such of the common people as were employed about the government offices, had for their emolument as much as was equal to what they would have made by tilling the fields. In a small State, where the territory was fifty li square, the ruler had ten times as much revenue as his Chief minister; a Chief minister had twice as much as a Great officer; a Great officer twice as much as a scholar of the highest class; a scholar of the highest class twice as much as one of the middle; a scholar of the middle class twice as much as one of the lowest; scholars of the lowest class, and such of the common people as were employed about the government offices, had the same emolument - as much, namely, as was equal to what they would have made by tilling the fields. As to those who tilled the fields, each husbandman received a hundred mu. When those mu were manured, the best husbandmen of the highest class supported nine individuals, and those ranking next to them supported eight. The best husbandmen of the second class supported seven individuals, and those ranking next to them supported six; while husbandmen of the lowest class only supported five. The salaries of the common people who were employed about the government offices were regulated according to these differences.'